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ZHOU DYNASTY
The Zhou Dynasty (1046–256 BCE), China's longest-ruling dynasty, established foundational cultural and political systems, including the "Mandate of Heaven" to legitimize rule. Major achievements included developing Confucianism and Daoism, introducing iron tools, crossbows, and massive irrigation projects, while fostering advancements in writing, urbanization, and commerce. Chinese script cast onto bronzeware, such as bells and cauldrons, carried over from the Shang Dynasty into the Zhou; it showed continued changes in style over time, and by region. Under the Zhou, expansion of this form of
The Zhou Dynasty (1046–256 BCE), China's longest-ruling dynasty, established foundational cultural and political systems, including the "Mandate of Heaven" to legitimize rule. Major achievements included developing Confucianism and Daoism, introducing iron tools, crossbows, and massive irrigation projects, while fostering advancements in writing, urbanization, and commerce. Chinese script cast onto bronzeware, such as bells and cauldrons, carried over from the Shang Dynasty into the Zhou; it showed continued changes in style over time, and by region. Under the Zhou, expansion of this form of …
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